viernes, 28 de marzo de 2008

El gobierno autoriza el acceso a la telefonía celular

Comunicación
El gobierno autoriza el acceso a la telefonía celular

Agencias

viernes 28 de marzo de 2008 12:23:00

AFP/ La Habana. El gobierno autorizó a todos los cubanos la contratación
de teléfonos celulares, aunque su pago será en divisas, en una medida
que, según se informó oficialmente este viernes, tiene como objetivo el
desarrollo de la "conectividad" y nuevos servicios.

Hasta el presente, la telefonía celular estaba reservada a extranjeros o
funcionarios locales de organismos oficiales, cuyas empresas sufragaban
los gastos.

Algunos cubanos también habían adquirido teléfonos móviles a nombre de
un extranjero amigo.

Una comunicación de la Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S. A.
(ETECSA), publicada este viernes en el diario oficialista Granma señala
que "a partir del proceso inversionista actual, ETECSA está en
condiciones de ofrecer a la población el servicio de telefonía celular".

El mismo "se formalizará mediante contrato personal en la modalidad de
prepago", precisó.

"En los próximos días se informará a la población los procedimientos
para los cambios de titularidad de los ciudadanos cubanos que hasta la
fecha lo han adquirido por vía indirecta y el inicio de los nuevos
contratos a las personas naturales cubanas interesadas", añadió la
información.

http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/encuentro-en-la-red/cuba/noticias/el-gobierno-autoriza-el-acceso-a-la-telefonia-celular/(gnews)/1206703380

Cuba anuncia que levanta la restricción a la telefonía móvil

Cuba anuncia que levanta la restricción a la telefonía móvil
Viernes 28 de Marzo, 2008 1:54 GMT147

LA HABANA (Reuters) - Cuba anunció el viernes que permitirá sin
restricciones el uso de la telefonía móvil para los ciudadanos del país,
en una de las medidas más recientes del nuevo presidente, Raúl Castro.

La utilización legal de teléfonos móviles estaba exclusivamente
reservada hasta ahora para los extranjeros y para los funcionarios
gubernamentales.

"Etecsa está en condiciones de ofrecer a la población el servicio de
telefonía celular que se ofrecerá mediante contrato personal en la
modalidad de prepago", dijo el viernes Granma, el diario del gobernante
Partido Comunista.*.

http://www.invertia.reuters.es/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2008-03-28T125433Z_01_SAN846425_RTRIDST_0_OESTP-CUBA-REFORMAS-TELEFONIA.XML

In Cuba, next restriction to be lifted: Cellphone service

In Cuba, next restriction to be lifted: Cellphone service
Ray Sanchez | Direct from Havana
7:47 AM EDT, March 28, 2008
Havana, Cuba

Ordinary Cubans will be allowed to buy cell phone service for the first
time, Cuba's phone company announced Friday.

The announcement, which came in a six-paragraph company statement
published in the state press, was the latest in a string of modest
changes introduced since Raul Castro took formally took over the
presidency last month from ailing brother Fidel.

There were few details but the ETECSA statement said that within days it
would inform the public about changes in cell phone ownership and
service contracts.

Until now, Cubans were able to acquire cell phone service only through
foreigners.

The communist island introduced cell phone service in 1991.

Cell phone service would involve prepaid cards and be paid for in hard
currency, the statement said.

The statement did not specify when the change would be implemented but
said that credits and technology obtained from other countries would
improve phone service for all Cubans in the coming years.

Since Raul Castro temporarily took over the country after his older
brother's emergency intestinal surgery in July 2006, Cubans have been
anticipating the lifting of many of the restrictions that circumscribe
their daily lives.

One change announced this week was that computers and other consumer
electronics would soon go on sale to the general public.

Many Cubans have expressed hopes that the near-worthless pesos they get
on their government paychecks will increase in value, that their
pensions and salaries will increase, and that they will be allowed to
travel abroad without government permission.

Many also talk about getting unlimited Internet access, although it is
too costly for most, and regaining access to hotels now restricted to
foreigners.

Until now, the communist government's campaign for egalitarianism
limited access to luxuries such as cell phones and private cars.

"I could use a cell phone," said Rodrigo Junco, 58, when informed about
the change in cell phone ownership. "Whether I can afford one is a
different story. But any change at this point is welcome."

The government provides free housing, education and health care as well
as ration cards that help cover the costs of basic food. While few
Cubans want to part with those benefits, many hope the new government
will bring about changes to allow for small quality-of-life improvements.

Nearly 80 percent of Cubans work for the government and the average
monthly state salary is about $20. Government economists estimate at
least 60 percent of Cubans have access to dollars, euros and other
foreign currency because of jobs in tourism, with foreign companies, or
through funds sent by relatives abroad.

more in /news/local/cuba

http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/cuba/sfl-0328havanadaily,0,3832405.column

jueves, 27 de marzo de 2008

US National Telecom (USNT) Negotiates $550,000 Voice Traffic Capacity to Cuba

US National Telecom (USNT) Negotiates $550,000 Voice Traffic Capacity to
Cuba

2008-03-27 09:13 ET - News Release

DENVER, CO -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 03/27/08

US National Telecom (PINKSHEETS: USNT), through its wholesale
subsidiary, has taken steps to benefit from the regime change in Cuba
and yesterday began interop testing of a voice traffic route to Cuba.
The demand for voice traffic capacity to Cuba is at an all-time high,
especially from prepaid phone card companies in Florida and New York.
Millions of minutes of voice traffic are anticipated for these new
routes, with the potential to bring in upwards of $550,000 in additional
annual revenue. Due to the trade embargo with Cuba, the subsidiary will
legally operate like all other USA telcos by sending traffic to licensed
non-USA telecom carriers which in turn have direct connections to Cuba.

USNT President G. Giagnocavo said, "Because of our experience in other
Latin American countries, I am confident that the ability to handle
voice traffic to Cuba will give us a decided advantage over many other
telecom companies."

While execution and cost projections have proven the venture will be
profitable, the project is now currently pending corporate counsel's
review of current trade laws regarding the embargo in place with Cuba.

USNT is a growing family of New Generation tech companies using
Internet-enabled voice technology, called VoIP. VoIP technology allows
the Company's network to receive an incoming call and direct it to a
local USA Internet/telco POP (point of presence) where the call is then
transported over the Internet to its intended recipient.

The current share structure of USNT is 460,083,750 shares outstanding
with 240,763,800 Restricted and 2,000,000 Preferred shares.

About US National Telecom (USNT)

US National Telecom (PINKSHEETS: USNT) is a publicly traded technology
company, headquartered in Denver, Colorado. The Company is working to
create a large VoIP company by expanding its international voice traffic
and seeks to acquire companies in the VoIP marketspace.
www.USnationalTelecom.com

Safe Harbor Statement: This release includes forward-looking statements,
made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the PSLA of 1995, that
involve major risks and uncertainties based on what may be faulty
assumptions or inaccurate statements. Financial information is based on
revenue and deposits for services, is unaudited and subject to
restatement. The Company is not obligated to revise or update any
forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances
that may arise after the date of this release.

http://www.stockwatch.com/swnet/newsit/newsit_newsit.aspx?bid=U-i0380411-U:USNT-20080327&symbol=USNT&news_region=U

Government reports private businesses slowly growing

Government reports private businesses slowly growing
Ray Sanchez | Direct from Havana
7:38 AM EDT, March 27, 2008
Havana, Cuba

A new report by Cuba's National Office of Statistics estimated that the
cost of goods and services purchased from private sources rose 4 percent
in the last year.

The report, titled "Survey of Prices in the Informal Sector," represents
an unusual admission by the state of the role played by a private sector
that occupies about three percent of the Cuban labor force.

The report defines the informal market as the sale of goods and services
from sources outside the state, including sales at farmers markets and
by licensed entrepreneurs. It also includes the thriving black market
trade and the sale of goods such as food and medicine stolen or legally
obtained from the state and then resold.

The creation of an informal sector was among the measures that helped
Cuba survive the economic crisis brought by the collapse of the Soviet
block in the early 1990s. Self-employment, however, became less
necessary as the island's economy recovered in recent years.
Ray Sanchez Ray Sanchez E-mail | Recent columns

The government subsidizes many goods and services such as education,
health care, housing, public transportation, utilities and monthly food
rations that include five pounds of rice per person, cooking oil, beans,
chicken, sugar, soap and toothpaste.

Still, many Cubans – who earn the equivalent of about $20 a month – are
forced to rely on private sources, both legal and illegal, for other
goods and services that come at heftier prices. This vast informal
economy is greased by remittances from abroad, which are estimated at
between $500 million and $1 billion a year.

The government report said the goods and services most frequently
obtained from the private sector were rice, pizzas, eggs, pork,
manicures, cooking oil, lard, and the exchange of Cuban pesos earned by
state workers for convertible pesos needed to shop in hard currency stores.

In late 2006, a report on the informal sector by the Lexington
Institute, a think tank outside Washington, called the labor force a
significant alternative to state employment.

"Even as they operate under policies that reflect the state's discomfort
with the concept of private enterprise, they pay taxes and earn
higher-than-average incomes," it said. "For Cuba's future, this
entrepreneurial sector is significant as a potential starting point for
new policies, if Cuba's government were to decide once again to use
market mechanisms to generate jobs and growth."

http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/cuba/sfl-0327havanadaily,0,3045972.column

Reuters: Cubans can fill prescriptions at any pharmacy

Reuters: Cubans can fill prescriptions at any pharmacy
Posted on Wed, Mar. 26, 2008

HAVANA --
The Reuters news agency reports that Cuba has lifted a rule that forced
people to pick up prescription drugs from a pharmacy assigned by the
state -- part of President Raul Castro's effort to cut excessive
regulation in the Communist country.

Public health sources said Cubans can now buy their prescription drugs
at any pharmacy, Reuters reported.

http://www.miamiherald.com/news/americas/story/471284.html

Cuban program gives town a glimpse of life with a microwave

Cuban program gives town a glimpse of life with a microwave
Posted on Wed, Mar. 26, 2008
By WILL WEISSERT
Associated Press

LAS GUASIMAS, Cuba --
Ana Magdalena Melian, a spry 91-year-old, had never seen a microwave
oven until one landed in her kitchen courtesy of the communist government.

''There were some rich people in Havana who had a microwave, but the
rest of us didn't dream of one,'' said the great-grandmother who uses
the new Daewoo DC to prepare flan and defrost chicken.

About 3,000 households in Las Guasimas, a town just southeast of Havana
named for a stubby evergreen tree, were issued microwaves in December as
part of a pilot program.

Metallic white and barely big enough to hold a loaf of sandwich bread,
the Daewoos don't look like the key to Cuba's future. But many here hope
they mean new President Raul Castro will do away with bans prohibiting
Cubans from buying a host of consumer goods available nearly everywhere
else in the world.

For three months, officials visited families using the ovens and quizzed
them about the appliances' reliability while monitoring electricity
consumption.

The ovens were such a hit here, local authorities say that Cuba's
supreme governing body, the Council of State, is considering offering
microwaves to families across the island on long-term credit.

Similar programs have allowed Cubans to pay off subsidized color
televisions, pressure cookers, air conditioners and refrigerators. But
microwaves, like computers and DVD players, have remained off limits to
buy for everyone but foreigners and companies.

''It's like the microwaves fell from the sky,'' said Marisa Gutierrez, a
49-year-old housewife who uses her backyard to grow beans and bananas
and is even raising a family of pigs she inherited.

''We hope there will be more in the future,'' she said. ``Computers,
telephones in every home.''

Gutierrez is a member of Las Guasimas' Revolutionary Defense Committee,
neighborhood groups that keep tabs on residents. The committee oversaw
the pilot program, and she said the government has thousands of
microwaves ready to be distributed on credit or sold in state-run stores.

According to an official-sounding but undated memo leaked to foreign
reporters this month, the new government already has approved
unrestricted sales of microwaves, computers, DVD players, television
sets of various sizes, electric bicycles and car alarms -- though none
of those items have yet appeared for general purchase in state-run
department or appliance stores.

''Based on the improved availability of electricity, the highest level
of government has approved the sale of some equipment which was
prohibited,'' it read.

Venezuelan oil subsidies have helped Cuba improve its creaky electric
grid in recent years, and credits from China have provided the island's
government the cash it needed to import consumer goods made there and in
South Korea.

The memo directs that computers, microwaves and other electronics be
sold in stores that charge in Cuban convertible pesos, worth 24 times as
much as the regular Cuban peso.

Under such a system, most Cubans would be unable to afford them. The
government controls well over 90 percent of the economy and the average
monthly state salary is just 408 Cuban pesos, a little less than $20.

Even under credit payments, the monthly microwave payments would still
be a struggle for many.

Las Guasimas residents have been allowed to keep their microwaves even
though the pilot program ended this month. But Gutierrez said they may
have to buy them on credit soon and that each appliance could cost as
much as 2,000 pesos or $90. Government-run electronics stores offer
slightly larger Daewoo ovens to foreigners and companies for about $175
each.

Melian said her family now loves ''el microwave'' but the idea of having
to pay to keep it scares her.

''We still are missing a lot in our lives,'' she said. ``This helps, but
at what price?''

Her neighbor, 76-year-old retired truck driver Sergio Rodriguez, uses
his microwave to heat rice and milk.

''If they want to charge me, it will take 20 years to pay off,'' said
Rodriguez, who lives with his daughter and two grandchildren.

Both Melian and Rodriguez earn monthly pensions worth 230 Cuban pesos
per month, just under $10.

''The pension's not enough to buy anything and many people suffer,''
Rodriguez said.

But Gutierrez, the neighborhood committee member, said the microwaves
prove everyday life in Cuba will get easier under the new President Castro.

''Everyone here is Fidelista,'' she said using a common term for
supporters of ailing, 81-year-old former Cuban President Fidel Castro.
``But with Fidel, they never brought us microwaves.''

http://www.miamiherald.com/news/americas/cuba/story/471348.html

Will Cuba follow China's path?

Will Cuba follow China's path?
By ZHANG QUANYI
Column: Global Survey
Published: March 27, 2008

SHANGHAI, China, Cuba's National Assembly smoothly transferred the
country's presidency from Fidel Castro to his brother Raul Castro last
month. Although the succession was within the Castro family, the world
in general acclaimed this power transfer, hoping it would give Cuba a
new face to the world.

Former President Fidel Castro controlled the Caribbean island for 49
years. He was both a revolutionary and a symbol of nationalism to his
country. In 1959 he overthrew the regime of General Fulgencio Batista,
though the regime's collapse can be attributed as much to internal decay
as to the challenge of Castro's revolutionary movement.

The Cuban government later progressively dissolved the capitalist
system, establishing a centrally planned economy, which largely resulted
in Cuba's present difficult situation.

Cuba was largely dependent on the Soviet Union until its collapse, and
isolated from international markets dominated by the United States. The
United States has embargoed the country since the 1960s, and extended
its policy in 1996 to penalize foreign companies that deal with Cuba.

Cuba's economy is now in a state of bankruptcy. Wages are inadequate,
housing and transportation are in crisis and the health and education
systems -- once the pride and joy of the revolution -- have deteriorated
badly. There are insufficient supplies of food, medicine and basic
industrial products. High unemployment has destabilized the country
economically and politically.

Cuba's current situation bears some resemblance to China's circumstances
in 1978, when China called for renovations in its static planned
collective economic system. From 1966-1976 China had endured the
Cultural Revolution, when all private commercial activities were banned
and the tightly controlled planned economy brought the people as well as
the economy to the brink of collapse.

Therefore, when the "capitalist roader" Deng Xiaoping came to power and
initiated his open-door policy, the Chinese people acclaimed him and
anticipated his reforms with great enthusiasm. Deng had been sacked by
Mao Zedong, the founder of the People's Republic of China, because of
his capitalistic ideas.

Deng did not disappoint his people much. He successfully guided China
onto the track of reform, tried by various means to abolish Mao Zedong's
personality cult, suspended the ideology of class struggle, and
gradually introducing a market economy to China. In addition he adopted
flexible policies to take advantage of foreign direct investment,
setting up several special economic zones in China's coastal areas,
which set the example for other areas to follow in the process of
modernization.

Deng's pragmatism has born great fruit. Since he began the reforms,
China's economy has experienced a consistent rise. Gross domestic
product reached US$3.43 trillion in 2007, according to the National
Bureau of Statistics, making it the third largest economy in the world
after the United States and Japan.

China is also the third largest exporting country after the United
States and Germany. The country's foreign currency reserves are the
highest in the world, surpassing US$1.4 trillion. China appears to have
shifted from a primarily agricultural country to an industrial one.

China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, and will host the
Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 and the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010.
It can be said that China has become a member of world society.

Furthermore, China has established healthier relationships with other
countries, especially the big Western powers, and has become active in
world affairs. It has been positively involved in international efforts
to handle issues in Iraq, Iran and North Korea. Over a period of 30
years, China has become a stakeholder and a member of international society.

Facing an economic situation similar to that of China 30 years ago, will
Raul Castro, like Deng Xiaoping, become a Cuban reformer? Will Cuba
follow China's path in opening its door to the outside world? And will
international society respond positively to possible reforms in Cuba?

Raul Castro has sent some signals that he may partly loosen controls on
the economy. For example, he plans to allow some Western luxury products
into Cuban markets, such as sunglasses, videos and cameras. However,
Castro's vision for modernization is not identical with Deng's, and
Cuba's background is not the same as China's.

First, Raul Castro has persistently supported and implemented Fidel
Castro's policies. He was an army general and defense minister for 49
years, hence, a de facto policy-maker. Having been so close to his
brother in the inner power circle, Raul Castro would not risk
accusations of abandoning his principles or tarnishing his family's
history and glory. Even if he does initiate some reforms, he will not go
so far as Deng, who had been ousted by the central leadership.

Secondly, the influence of the first generation of leaders in the Cuban
republic is still intact. Fidel Castro is still alive, as are other
senior leaders. Aging officials and other leftists will not allow Raul
to alter Cuba's Constitution or fundamentally change the socialist
system. For example, 75-year-old former Interior Minister Ramiro Valdes
has been a strong supporter of Fidel since 1953, when the Cuban
revolution began. He does not agree with Raul on matter of reform.

It can therefore be presumed that Raul Castro will not go so far in
carrying out reforms in Cuba. He is already 77 years old. He may take
some small steps to stabilize his power and make his mark on the
presidency, but that is all. In his address to the National Assembly,
Raul Castro proposed that Fidel should be consulted on important decisions.

Thirdly, the situation faced by Cuba is different from China's in some
ways. China's open-door policy benefited from the geopolitics of the
Cold War, when the United States and the former Soviet Union were
competing for hegemony. Accordingly China and the United States, as well
as other Western countries, could cooperate economically regardless of
ideological differences.

After 1978, China was able to take advantage of the geopolitical
situation and attract large amounts of foreign direct investment,
especially from Japan, the United States and Western Europe. This
investment played a significant role in boosting China's economy in a
short time.

Cuba does not have the same advantage. Even if the new president wants
to reform, the supportive environment is lacking; the Cold War is over.
If the Soviet Union still existed, Western countries -- particularly the
United States -- might want to be first to assist Cuba economically.

However, in the foreseeable future, Cuba will only reluctantly distance
itself from socialism, taking a few aggressive steps to open to the
outside world. Unless Cuba resolutely declares that it is giving up
socialism, Western states, especially the United States, will not easily
abandon their hostile policies toward Cuba. They will merely continue
their containment strategy toward the island nation.

Therefore the assessment of Fidel Castro's daughter, Alina Fernandez --
who lives in the United States and has long opposed her father's regime
-- may be correct. She told CNN just after her uncle took over the
presidency, "I think that the government will remain mostly the same,
but I think they are going to bring on different faces that they need,"
she said.

The face of Cuba itself is unlikely to change significantly for awhile.

--

(Zhang Quanyi is an associate professor at the Zhejiang Wanli University
in Ningbo, China, and a Ph.D. candidate at Shanghai International
Studies University, studying policy making and collective identity. His
research interests focus on conflict management and identity
construction. He can be contacted at qyzhangupi@gmail.com. ©Copyright
Zhang Quanyi.)

http://www.upiasiaonline.com/Politics/2008/03/27/will_cuba_follow_chinas_path/7469/

Raul Castro's Cuba changing the rules

Raul Castro's Cuba changing the rules

Thursday, March 27th 2008, 4:00 AM

Change, that powerful concept that has propelled Sen. Barack Obama to
the top in the race for the Democratic presidential nomination, is also
working its magic 90 miles south of Florida.

On the island of Cuba - as in the U.S. - people are eagerly awaiting
change. One month after Raul Castro became president, Cubans are looking
forward to the reforms that government officials have been talking about
for the last few months.

"A process of change has begun on the island, and Cubans have embraced
it," said Mariana Gastón, a Cuban-born Brooklyn teacher who just
returned from Havana.

Change is immediately noticeable in the famously stale Cuban press.
Encouraged by Raul Castro's call for more criticism and open discussion,
the main newspaper in the country, Granma, has been covering for the
first time stories on corruption, theft, waste and inadequacies in the
centralized economy.

The Cuban people also have paid heed to Castro's call, and there is a
great deal of debate among intellectuals, students and workers. Problems
with the food supply, freedom to travel and inequalities caused by the
"dollarization" of the economy have all been topics of debate.

Many of the reforms have been reported as if they were already in force,
but most have not been implemented yet. It is expected that they will
happen soon.

"They [the Cuban government] are giving careful consideration to changes
and reforms," said Álvaro Fernández, president of the Cuban American
Commission for Family Rights in Miami.

Fernández and Gastón were part of a group of 129 Cubans from 40
countries who traveled to Havana on March 19 for a three-day meeting
with government representatives.

Many attendees thought Cuba would announce at the meeting the end of
travel restrictions for Cubans on the island and for those living abroad
wishing to visit their homeland. It did not happen.

"Nothing really new was announced," Fernández added. "I think that there
is still a back and forth in regards to what reforms can and should be
implemented."

That is not surprising. As long as the failed 50-year U.S. trade embargo
and travel ban remain in place, reforms will happen slowly and
cautiously. President Bush's recent hardening of positions - and his
refusal to consider a dialogue with Havana - does nothing to speed up
change.

Yet, some reforms - even the promise of them - already are affecting the
lives of Cubans.

The authorization to some farmers to buy their own supplies and
equipment goes along with Castro's emphasis on increasing food
production - and should be put in place soon. But much more is expected.

In a speech last July 26, Castro announced structural reforms, mainly in
agriculture. They could include turning over land to the peasants who
farm it.

Public transportation, a longtime nightmare for the population, has seen
some improvement with the arrival of Chinese-made buses. Also, it has
been reported that Cubans will be permitted to stay in tourist hotels.

Already Cubans can buy computers and other appliances, one of the things
people had said they wanted.

The normalization of relations with Mexico and the recent visit of a
very high-ranking Vatican official, Cardinal Bertoni, are also signs of
a new opening.

Skeptics in Washington and Miami will keep dismissing the significance
of changes in Cuba. But the Cuban people and anyone who knows anything
about their country realize their importance.

"The Cuban people are not looking back," Gastón said. "They are looking
only to the future."

aruiz@nydailynews.com

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/us_world/2008/03/27/2008-03-27_raul_castros_cuba_changing_the_rules.html?ref=rss

Cuba Allows Residents To Receive 1st Microwaves

Cuba Allows Residents To Receive 1st Microwaves
HAVANA (CBS4) ― An appliance that is taken for granted in just about
every home in America could soon be coming to thousands of kitchens in Cuba.

It's the microwave oven.

"In the past, only people with money had them; poor people couldn't have
one. The only way was by paying in installments and you had to have a
good salary in order to pay. Not any more. Now the revolution gave us
one to test and if it works out, they'll give one to whomever wants
one," said 91-yer old Ana Magdalena Melian who had never seen a
microwave oven until one came to her kitchen courtesy of the Cuban
communist government.

About 3,000 households in Las Guasimas, a village just southeast of the
Cuban capital of Havana, got microwaves in late December as part of a
state-run pilot program.

Over a three month period, families were asked how they used the ovens,
if the Chinese made microwaves were reliable and how much electricity
they used.

The microwaves were such a hit that Cuba's supreme governing body, the
Council of State, is considering offering them to families across the
island on credit that could be paid back over a long period of time.

Similar credit programs have for decades allowed Cubans to slowly pay
off subsidized color television sets, pressure cookers, air conditioners
and refrigerators.

The microwave ovens are symbolic of a new hope for Cuba's future - many
are hoping the appliances and the pilot program that brought them to Las
Guasimas mean new President Raul Castro's government is ready to do away
with longstanding restrictions on some consumer goods.

"What I feel is what the whole town feels. We are very happy. We're
living a new experience and the results are satisfying," said Marisa
Gutierrez, a 49-year-old housewife.

According to an official-sounding but undated memo leaked to foreign
reporters this month, the new government already has approved
unrestricted sales of microwaves, computers, DVD players and television
sets of various sizes, as well electric bicycles and car alarms - though
none of those items have yet appeared on the shelves of state-run
department or appliance stores. The leaked memo seemed to suggest the
island's improved power grid was partly the reason for the decision to
allow greater access to consumer goods which run on electricity.

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has provided his close friend and
socialist alley Fidel Castro with a number of generous oil subsidies and
other aid to help Cuba improve its creaky power grid. Also, credits from
China have provided the island's government the cash to buy consumer
goods made there.

Since officially succeeding his brother Fidel on February 24, the
76-year-old Raul Castro has pledged to make improving Cubans' everyday
quality of life a top priority.

The 'leaked' memo directs that computers, microwaves and other items be
sold in top department stores that charge in Cuban Convertible Pesos,
worth 24 times as much as the regular Cuban peso, which state employees
are paid in. Under such a system, most Cubans wouldn't be able to afford
the new appliances they would suddenly be allowed to buy. The government
estimates 60 percent of the island's population has access to
Convertible Pesos, dollars or other foreign currency thanks to jobs in
tourism, with foreign firms or relatives living in the United States.
The average monthly salary in Cuba is about 17 US dollars.

http://cbs4.com/local/cuba.microwaves.oven.2.685973.html

Facilitan compra de hornos de microondas en Cuba

Facilitan compra de hornos de microondas en Cuba

Los Daewoo son más bien pequeños y apenas admiten una barra de pan de
molde. No cambiarán el futuro del país, pero el programa alienta las
esperanzas de que el nuevo gobierno
Facilitan compra de hornos de microondas en CubaFacilitan compra de
hornos de microondas en Cuba
AP
El Universal
Las Guasimas
Jueves 27 de marzo de 2008

08:54 Con sus 91 años, Ana Magdalena Melián nunca había visto un horno
de microondas hasta que el gobierno comunista de Cuba le facilitó uno a
fines del año pasado.

"Algunos ricos de La Habana tenían microondas, pero el resto de nosotros
no", comentó la anciana, quien usa su nuevo microondas Daewoo para
preparar flanes y descongelar pollos.

Unos tres mil hogares de Las Guasimas, barrio al sudeste de La Habana,
recibieron microondas en diciembre como parte de un programa piloto del
gobierno.

Los Daewoo son más bien pequeños y apenas admiten una barra de pan de
molde. No cambiarán el futuro del país, pero el programa alienta las
esperanzas de que el nuevo gobierno de Raúl Castro elimine las
restricciones a la compra de artículos de consumo disponibles en casi
todo el mundo, pero no en Cuba.

Durante tres meses, funcionarios del gobierno visitaron las casas que
habían recibido los microondas y preguntaron a la gente si los aparatos
eran confiables, al tiempo que observaron el consumo de electricidad.

Los aparatos tuvieron un éxito rotundo, al punto de que las autoridades
están hablando de suministrarle uno a todas las familias del país, con
créditos a largo plazo.

Programas parecidos permitieron a los cubanos adquirir televisores de
color, ollas a presión, aires acondicionados y refrigeradoras. Pero
hasta ahora no había acceso a microondas, computadoras y reproductores
de DVD, que estaban disponibles únicamente para empresas y extranjeros.

"Es como si nos hubieran caído del cielo", comentó Marisa Gutiérrez, un
ama de casa de 49 años que cultiva frijoles y bananos en el patio
trasero de su casa y tiene unos cerdos que heredó de su familia.

"Esperamos más en el futuro. Esperamos que haya computadoras y teléfonos
en todas las casas", agregó.

Gutiérrez integra el Comité de Defensa de la Revolución de Las Guasimas,
el cual vigila lo que ocurre en el barrio y fue el encargado de observar
el funcionamiento de los microondas. La mujer dijo que el gobierno tiene
miles de microondas listos para su distribución.

Según un informe presuntamente oficial que llegó a manos de la prensa
extranjera este mes, el gobierno ya aprobó la venta irrestricta de
microondas, computadoras, reproductoras de DVDs, aparatos de televisión
de distintos tamaños, bicicletas eléctricas y alarmas para autos, pero
todavía no se ve ninguno de estos artículos en los comercios
administrados por el estado.

El informe dice que ante el aumento en la capacidad de generar
electricidad que se ha registrado en el país, se aprobó "la
comercialización de algunas líneas de equipos cuya venta estaba prohibida".

Subsidios petrolíferos venezolanos ayudaron a Cuba a aliviar sus
problemas de suministro de energía en los últimos años y créditos de
China le dieron al gobierno dinero que le permitió importar artículos de
consumo fabricados en ese país y en Corea del Sur.

El informe dispone que los aparatos sean vendidos en negocios que
reciben pesos convertibles, que valen 24 veces lo que vale un peso
cubano normal.

La mayoría de los cubanos no estará en condiciones de adquirir esos
aparatos si se tiene en cuenta que el salario estatal promedio asciende
a 408 pesos, poco más de 20 dólares. Gutiérrez dijo que los microondas
costarán unos 2.000 pesos, o 90 dólares.

Incluso a crédito, los microondas representarán una carga demasiado
pesada para muchos.

Melián afirmó que su familia está encantada con el microondas, pero que
la idea de tener que pagar por él la asusta.

"Todavía nos faltan muchas cosas en nuestras vidas. Esto nos ayuda, pero
¿a qué precio?", expresó.

Su vecino, el camionero jubilado Sergio Rodríguez, de 76 años, usa el
microondas para recalentar arroz y leche.

"Si me quieren cobrar, voy a tardar 20 años en pagar", declaró
Rodríguez, quien vive con su hija y dos nietos.

Tanto Melián como Rodríguez cobran una jubilación mensual de 230 pesos
cubanos, menos de 10 dólares.

"Con esta pensión no se paga nada. Hay muchas que sufren", señaló Rodríguez.

Gutiérrez opina que los microondas son un indicio de que las cosas
mejorarán bajo el gobierno de Raúl Castro.

"Nací fidelista. Todos aquí somos fidelistas. Pero con Fidel, nunca nos
dieron un microondas", dijo la mujer.

jigh

http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/493239.html

CIMEX explora el mercado agrícola

Publicado el jueves 27 de marzo del 2008

CIMEX explora el mercado agrícola
By EFE
La Corporación CIMEX, el principal conglomerado empresarial estatal de
Cuba, trata de satisfacer la demanda de productos en el sector
agropecuario con una ''prueba de mercado'' que lleva a cabo en cuatro
provincias.

Fuentes de la compañía explicaron que el programa comenzó en noviembre
pasado con la venta en pesos convertibles de 23 utensilios y artículos
para el campo, que podrían llegar a 80, con el objetivo de extenderlo a
otros territorios del país antes de finalizar el año.

''El objetivo es ampliar nuestra oferta y posicionarnos en un segmento
de mercado que ha demostrado capacidad de compra y necesidad'', indicó
el director de Tiendas de CIMEX, Lluraldi Caba.

Aunque la experiencia no está dirigida a un perfil concreto de cliente,
Caba afirmó que el objetivo comercial de esta campaña está
''fundamentalmente en el segmento de mercado que se dedica a la
actividad agropecuaria'', con artículos que ''tienen una demanda'' por
parte de compradores con capacidad adquisitiva en divisas.

Caba no ofreció estimaciones sobre el tamaño de la demanda en este
sector, ni datos sobre las ventas realizadas hasta el momento y rehusó
ofrecer información sobre la procedencia de los productos, debido, dijo,
al riesgo para la actividad económica del país como consecuencia del
embargo comercial de EEUU.

Entre los artículos que se venden en establecimientos de CIMEX en las
provincias de Holguín, Ciego de Avila, Villa Clara y La Habana figuran
machetes, limas, herraduras, clavos, hoces y azadas.

La directora de Relaciones Públicas de la empresa, Consuelo Mok, señaló
que esta firma, con presencia en los 169 municipios del país, no ha
vendido tradicionalmente este tipo de productos, pero que ''en la medida
en que se generan demandas'', se aprueban estos planes.

''Hemos visto que hay un grupo de ausencias de productos que de algún
modo la gente reclama tener'', indicó, al poner como ejemplo
''carencias'' registradas con artículos como tornillos o clavos ``porque
no hay un sistema de ferreterías bien surtido con todas esas cosas''.

El proyecto da respuesta, además, a la ausencia de mecanismos
convencionales de distribución fuera del aparato estatal que hace llegar
estos artículos directamente al campesino a través de las diferentes
fórmulas de organización productiva agrícola.

http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america_latina/cuba/story/180727.html

La UJC dice que unos 280.000 jóvenes en edad laboral no trabajan

Empleo
La UJC dice que unos 280.000 jóvenes en edad laboral no trabajan

Entre las causas, la organización menciona 'la falta de correspondencia
entre las aspiraciones y necesidades de los jóvenes' y 'las propuestas
de empleo'.

Agencias

jueves 27 de marzo de 2008 11:55:00

AFP/ La Habana. Más de un cuarto de millón de jóvenes cubanos en edad
laboral no trabaja, según los resultados de un sondeo divulgados este
miércoles por la prensa local, que atribuye el hecho a la falta de
correspondencia entre las aspiraciones y necesidades con las ofertas de
empleo.

En total 282.515 jóvenes cubanos, entre ellos 36.813 con edades de entre
13 y 20 años y 3.000 miembros de la Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas (UJC),
no trabajan ni estudian, según la pesquisa realizada en 2007, señaló el
diario oficialista Juventud Rebelde.

Entre las causas de ese problema, el diario, órgano de la UJC, cita "la
falta de correspondencia entre las aspiraciones y necesidades de los
jóvenes con respecto a las propuestas de empleo y su nivel educacional".
En ocasiones, la oferta de trabajo "no se aviene con el perfil que
estudiaron", añade.

El periódico dijo que con las medidas aplicadas por el gobierno en 2006
para enfrentar la desocupación, "se logró incorporar al 81,1% de un
total de 146.366 identificados", y destacó que entre "los que hoy no
trabajan, 3.000 son militantes de la UJC".

"Con ellos hay que discutir, no se puede estar en la vanguardia de la
juventud y no aportar nada al país", dijo el primer secretario de la
UJC, Julio Martínez, citado por el rotativo.

Entre las medidas aplicadas por el gobierno cubano para disminuir la
desocupación figuró el pago de salario para recalificación y estudios a
los desempleados.

Según el oficial Anuario Estadístico de Cuba, la Isla, de 11,2 millones
de habitantes, tiene una población activa de 4,8 millones de personas.

El gobierno dice que la tasa de desocupación es del 1,7%, pero ese dato
es muy cuestionado por organizaciones independientes e internacionales.

http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/encuentro-en-la-red/cuba/noticias/la-ujc-dice-que-unos-280-000-jovenes-en-edad-laboral-no-trabajan/(gnews)/1206615300

Autoridades reducen a 50.000 el plan anual de construcción de viviend

Autoridades reducen a 50.000 el plan anual de construcción de viviendas

Agencias

jueves 27 de marzo de 2008 12:00:00

El gobierno cubano dijo el martes que aspira a construir unas 50.000
viviendas este año, la mitad de la meta anual fijada en 2005, informó
Reuters.

El pasado año sólo se lograron construir 52.607 viviendas, lo que
representó poco más de la mitad del plan previsto por el gobierno.

"Para 2008, en el país se prevé (...) edificar 50.000 viviendas,
propósito que debe ser cumplido si mejoran las condiciones técnicas y
organizativas", afirmó el presidente del Instituto Nacional de la
Vivienda, Víctor Ramírez, a la agencia oficialista AIN.

El plan inicial había previsto la construcción de 150.000 casas en 2005
y otras 100.000 anuales en los años siguientes.

El déficit de viviendas en la Isla, que supera las 500.000, es uno de
los principales problemas que afectan a los cubanos.

En 2006 se construyeron en Cuba 110.000 viviendas, lo que representó
tres veces más que lo edificado en 2005, aunque no se alcanzó la meta
trazada de 150.000.

Según versiones oficiales, los incumplimientos en los planes se deben a
la falta de trasporte para trasladar los materiales, la escasez de
obreros y el robo de recursos.

El vicepresidente Carlos Lage se ha quejado además de la falsificación
de cifras sobre las viviendas construidas y reparadas.

Datos oficiales indican que más de la mitad de las viviendas cubanas
están en mal estado.

Según Ramírez, para 2008 también está prevista la rehabilitación de
250.000 viviendas.

http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/encuentro-en-la-red/cuba/noticias/autoridades-reducen-a-50-000-el-plan-anual-de-construccion-de-viviendas/(gnews)/1206615600

De la capa un sayo

Economía
De la capa un sayo

¿Hasta qué punto pueden aplicarse cambios sin reajustes en la política
del régimen?

José Hugo Fernández, La Habana

jueves 27 de marzo de 2008 6:00:00

Crece por días el número de quienes consideran, con razón, que ningún
otro cambio puede esperarse hoy en la Isla más allá de pequeños remedios
en la economía, que actúen como respuestas aliviadoras para las
apremiantes demandas del pueblo y, a la vez, como pruebas de crédito
ante la presión internacional.

También parecen ser muchos quienes se contentan con la "novedad", toda
vez, dicen, que representa un paso, por más lento que sea, hacia empeños
futuros.

La conformidad ante el hecho de que se emprendan aquí reformas netamente
económicas, como maniobra para evitar o demorar los cambios políticos,
está haciendo coincidir a los cómplices y a los críticos del régimen, en
virtud de un pragmatismo reductor que no refleja menos la posición de
los propios analistas que la actitud que estos prevén en los proyectos
gubernamentales.

Sin embargo, no estaría de más preguntarse hasta qué punto pueden ser
aplicados cambios de alguna consideración en nuestra vida económica sin
que supediten o amolden o arrastren reajustes en los presupuestos políticos.

Quizás el régimen haya llegado tan lejos en el entretejimiento
(totalizador, obsesivo, enfermizo) de sus redes de poder, que ya no le
resulte factible hacer nada, mucho menos en materia económica,
estableciendo límites entre sentido práctico y politización, por muy
astutamente que intentase hacerlo.

Todo es político para el régimen. Y en política todo se reduce para
ellos al dogma que aconseja la asfixia del individuo como ente
independiente, así que peligroso, opuesto a la homogeneización social
que sirve de base a su dominio.

Mera estrategia de supervivencia

Entonces, para empezar, conviene que tengamos claro cuáles son los
componentes esperanzadores o consoladores de las tales reformas o
transformaciones "económicas" que se dice están siendo introducidas en
la Isla.

Porque si se trata, por ejemplo, del incremento de la pequeña empresa
privada o de la desestatización de la agricultura, más valdría no
ilusionarnos en la víspera, pues, con todo y lo que digan, es muy poco
probable que estas variantes económicas constituyan prioridad para el
régimen, quien las tiene marcadas como amenazas en lo político. En el
mejor de los casos, si se viese obligado a transigir, trataría de
contaminarlas tanto con sus condicionantes políticas que al final no
resultarían efectivas.

Otra de las medidas que está en el candelero es la eliminación de la
doble moneda. El régimen la asumirá sin duda, porque no tiene
alternativas. Lo que resta por ver es cómo va a hacerlo. Y justo la
forma en que lo haga debe fijar hasta qué punto esta medida terminaría
resultando más política que económica.

Si la unificación monetaria se consigue mediante un proceso racional y
auténticamente efectivo, tal medida representaría por si sola la mayor
victoria política que puede obtener hoy el régimen, en tanto significa
que ha logrado revertir la crisis económica y que está en condiciones de
elevar en la concreta el valor de la moneda nacional, de implementar
ajustes entre los salarios y los precios de productos y servicios, y de
garantizar normales afluencias en el mercado.

Si, en cambio, esta eliminación de la doble moneda responde a manejos
superficiales o a efectos remediadores que no se fundamentan en avances
(estables, sólidos, palpables a ojos vista en la calle) de la economía
nacional, el régimen estará certificando que no le queda nada por hacer
en materia económica ni política, como no sea continuar imponiéndose
durante un tiempo más, a la tremenda y con rejuegos de astucia
condenados al estercolero.

Quedan algunas otras medidas, como la reforma empresarial, cacareada
durante decenios pero siempre nula en la práctica; o el incentivo a la
inversión extranjera, mientras se impide invertir a los cubanos del
exterior, entre los que no son pocos los que pueden hacerlo y están
dispuestos. ¿Cómo congeniar, sin que prime lo político sobre lo
económico, la descalificación de inversionistas nacionales con el
incentivo a la inversión extranjera?

Y queda, claro, el aumento de la existencia de frijoles y boniatos en el
mercado, o la relativa y a todas luces pasajera mejoría del transporte
público.

¿Podría afirmarse sin pecar de ingenuidad que estas variantes, al igual
que las anteriormente mencionadas, no implican tanto a la política como
a la economía? Lo probable es que su real sustentación sea eminentemente
política y que lo que está en juego con su alcance o su fracaso sea
sobre todo el futuro político del país, toda vez que se trata de medidas
de elemental emergencia.

Entonces, muy bien puede ocurrir que eso que hoy tomamos como
pragmatismo económico no indique sino que el régimen está haciendo otra
vez de su capa un sayo, o para decirlo en buen cubano: lo que le sale de
su mondongo, con tal que no pase de ser mera estrategia de supervivencia
política.

Y si es así, tampoco resultaría exacto asegurar que en Cuba aquello que
la gente de a pie demanda, por lo general, del régimen se diferencia
mucho de lo que reclama la disidencia. No es verdad que lo único que el
pueblo desea es aumentar su per cápita de frijoles. Pero dadas nuestras
especiales circunstancias, tampoco es verdad que las medidas para
aumentar los frijoles sean soluciones duraderas si no vienen juntas de
mayores libertades para la acción individual, para la iniciativa y la
expresión, y la capacidad de elección entre la gente. Y esto es, ni más
ni menos, lo que reclama la disidencia.

http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/encuentro-en-la-red/cuba/articulos/de-la-capa-un-sayo/(gnews)/1206594000

Banco Alba contará con sede en Cuba y capital de USD 2.000 millones

Banco Alba contará con sede en Cuba y capital de USD 2.000 millones
AFP - Caracas, Venezuela - 17:06 - 26/03/2008

El Banco de la Alternativa Bolivariana para nuestra América (Alba), un
organismo internacional auspiciado por Caracas, contará con una sede en
La Habana y un capital inicial de dos mil millones de dólares, informó
este miércoles el ministro de Finanzas, Rafael Isea.

El próximo miércoles 9 de abril se abrirá una sede del Banco del Alba en
La Habana, Cuba, informó Isea, en declaraciones recogidas por la agencia
estatal ABN.

El titular de la cartera de Finanzas expresó que esta entidad financiera
nace como un instrumento para el desarrollo de los países que conforman
este mecanismo integrador.

También refirió que el Banco del Alba contará inicialmente con dos
millones millones de dólares de capital autorizado y un mil millones de
dólares de capital suscrito.

El ALBA, que se contrapone al Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas
(ALCA) impulsado por Washington, surgió en diciembre de 2004 con Cuba y
Venezuela y se formalizó en abril de 2005. En 2006 se unió Bolivia y en
2007 Nicaragua.

Palabras Claves: Venezuela, ALBA,

http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/internacionales/11481

Anuncian mejores precios para la producción de tabaco en Cuba

Anuncian mejores precios para la producción de tabaco en Cuba

Hace 2 horas

LA HABANA (AFP) — El gobierno cubano anunció este jueves que pagará
mejores precios a los productores de tabaco, una medida para estimular
la producción que se inscribe en los cambios graduales proyectados para
la agricultura y otras ramas de la economía.

Los aumentos van de 20 a 30% según el tipo de tabaco, dijo al diario
oficial Granma el Jefe del Grupo Provincial de Tabaco en Pinar del Río
(oeste), Enrique Cruz Villate, donde se produce más del 50% del tabaco
cubano, considerado uno de los mejores del mundo.

Desde que ocupó la presidencia de Cuba hace 20 meses --de manera
provisoria hasta febrero pasado--, Raúl Castro ha impulsado varias
medidas de estímulo a la producción agrícola, en especial en alimentos.

El tabaco es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación de la isla,
aunque la actual cosecha se ha visto afectada por lluvias.

La roturación de los suelos y otras actividades no se pudieron cumplir
debido a "intensas lluvias en octubre y noviembre", según un informe
oficial, por lo que sólo se pudo sembrar 28.300 de las 30.900 hectáreas
planificadas.

Cuba exportó 400 millones de dólares en tabaco en 2007, y sus ventas
dominan el 80% del mercado mundial premium en cuanto a unidades y el 85%
de las ventas.

http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ikGaNSKitP8OgYkI8na9MGudSVIw

miércoles, 26 de marzo de 2008

Cuba suspends licenses of 14 foreign firms

CUBA
Cuba suspends licenses of 14 foreign firms

In a probe of illegal dealings with agencies that have ties to the Cuban
army, the Cuban government suspended the licenses of 14 foreign companies.
Posted on Tue, Mar. 25, 2008
BY WILFREDO CANCIO ISLA
El Nuevo Herald

The Cuban government has suspended the business licenses of 14 foreign
firms for alleged illegal activities tied to state agencies controlled
by GAESA, the powerful commercial consortium of the Cuban Armed Forces.

According to sources within the Ministry for Foreign Commerce and the
Cuban Chamber of Commerce, the foreign commercial representatives were
notified of the cancellation of their business licenses March 17 and 18,
following an internal investigation that questioned alleged
irregularities in the agreements established between the Tecnotex
company and retail chain TRD Caribe, both under the administration of GAESA.

'There was an `explosion' at Tecnotex for shady relations with foreign
businessmen,'' said an employee of the foreign commerce ministry who
requested anonymity. ``More than just friendships were proven to exist;
there were some shady dealings.''

The commerce ministry employee added that, ''the decision came from the
highest level,'' with instructions to act ``quickly and energetically.''

Although a complete list of the foreign firms that have had their
licenses revoked has not been made available, an individual employed by
the Cuban Chamber of Commerce told El Nuevo Herald that two Italian
companies, Agridea and Bella SRL, have been blacklisted.

Both companies provided merchandise to Tecnotex and TRD Caribe, among
other government-controlled retailers.

The commercial representative for Bella SRL is Italian entrepreneur
Humberto Bella, known to have broad relations among the commercial and
financial sectors of Cuba.

Besides revoking the business licenses of foreign commercial companies,
several employees and administrators of Tecnotex and TRD Caribe have
been sanctioned, apparently on charges of corruption and trafficking in
stolen merchandise.

Tecnotex is the main import-export company of the Cuban Armed Forces
commercial sector and is led by Col. René Rojas Rodríguez. It has
offices in China, where most of its business is conducted in the
acquisition of replacement parts and accessories for automobiles,
construction material, home electronics and computers.

TRD Caribe is a retail chain that consists of more than 400 locations
offering items in cash throughout Cuba; and boasts annual profits that
exceed U.S. $100 million.

The Cuban army's GAESA, or Grupo de Administracion Empresarial S.A.
(Entrepreneurial Administration Group), is the corporate umbrella that
covers a dozen national businesses. Since February it has been led by
Major Luis Alberto Rodríguez López-Callejas, the son-in-law of Raúl
Castro. He is known for his career in Cuban finance.

Rodríguez assumed the leadership of GAESA after his predecessor, the
Gen. Julio Casas Regueiro, 72, was named to replace Raúl Castro's as
head of the Cuban army.

http://www.miamiherald.com/news/americas/story/468956.html

Cubans Can Buy Electronics April 1- But Who Has the Money to Buy Them?

Cubans Can Buy Electronics April 1
But Who Has the Money to Buy Them?
Ray Sanchez | Direct from Havana
7:30 AM EDT, March 26, 2008
Havana , Cuba

Of all the restrictions on the lives of Cubans, at least one will be
officially lifted Tuesday -- the ban on the sale of some domestic
electronics.

Resolution 43/08 of the Interior Commerce Ministry permits the sale of
computers, video-playing equipment, television sets, electric pressure
cookers, rice cookers and even car alarms to the general public for the
first time since the 1990s.

The reason for the change? "The country has had an improvement in the
generation and distribution of electric power," according to a
government document circulated among foreign journalists

The move represents a modest reform by Raul Castro, who formally took
over the presidency from his ailing brother Fidel last month.

Ray Sanchez Ray Sanchez E-mail | Recent columns

In an irony of daily life on the island, as computers and accessories
were set to hit store shelves, the author of a highly critical blog,
Generacion Y, said the state appears to have limited access to her site
from within the island. A few other Web sites also were affected.

The availability of the electronics will be "gradual," the document
said, adding that stores must ensure that devices meet state
energy-saving standards.

The manager of one of the capital's largest shopping centers said it
could take at least one month before the devices start appearing in
stores. Until now, only companies were allowed to purchase the items.

With state workers earning an average of 408 pesos a month, about $17,
retail outlets are not expecting a mad rush.

"Now the struggle becomes one of earning higher salaries," said Oscar
Espinosa Chepe, a dissident economist.

Panama's new ambassador in Cuba, Luis Gomez, told reporters that two
shipping companies hauling electronics to Cuba twice a week are now
carrying four times the usual number of containers.

When Raul Castro delivered his acceptance speech as president before the
National Assembly last month, he vowed that "within weeks" some of the
restrictions on the lives of Cubans would begin to fall.

http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/cuba/sfl-0326havanadaily,0,2259539.column

Tourism conceals Cuba's dire problems

Tourism conceals Cuba's dire problems

By Mike Williams
Cox International Correspondent
Published on: 03/23/08

Havana, Cuba —- Less than two decades after its economy imploded with
the collapse of its Communist sponsor, the Soviet Union, Cuba has
rebuilt itself as a Caribbean vacation magnet that now draws more than 2
million visitors annually.

But while the $2 billion Cuba now earns annually from tourism has helped
rescue its moribund economy, experts say the Communist island faces a
daunting list of problems that leave it vulnerable.

Cuba's new president, Raul Castro, who took over the island's top post
in February after his brother, Fidel, retired due to illness, must
somehow reverse low productivity and wages, stop endemic pilfering,
unravel currency problems that are creating income inequalities and spur
farmers to grow enough food to feed the island's 11 million residents.

"It's a stagnant society," said Javier Corrales, a political scientist
at Amherst College. "Cuba is poorer now than it was before the
revolution in the late 1950s, and most economic indicators have not
reached the levels of the late 1980s before the collapse of the Soviet
Union."

That said, Cuba has made a remarkable recovery since the "Special
Period" in the early 1990s when the island lost an estimated $6 billion
in yearly Soviet subsidies and scarcity plagued the Cuban people.

Fidel Castro responded by turning to tourism. Slowly Cuba stumbled out
of the crisis, its economy stabilizing if not exactly prospering.

Despite the controversy, most American scholars agree the Cuban economy
is growing.

In addition to $2 billion in tourism earnings, the island has been
buoyed by high prices for nickel, earning another $2 billion there,
along with $400 million from sales of its world-famous cigars.

But other indicators are worrisome to outside economists. Cuban
residents depend on an estimated $800 million to $1 billion a year in
remittances from relatives abroad, primarily in the United States, while
the Cuban state appears to be replacing its old Soviet sponsor with a
generous new patron, Venezuela.

That country's socialist president, Hugo Chavez, sells 100,000 barrels
of oil to Cuba a day at $27 a barrel, providing a $2 billion annual
windfall for the Cubans, said Carmelo Mesa-Lago, an economist at the
University of Pittsburgh. Cuba repays Venezuela by sending about 30,000
medical and social workers to provide services to Chavez's impoverished
supporters.

Apparently hedging his bets, Raul Castro has inked trade deals with
China, Iran and Brazil, opening new lines of credit worth billions.

But even as Cuba has signed new deals with foreign countries, it has cut
back on partnerships with foreign firms. Some foreign companies have
complained bitterly about rules governing the hiring and payment of
workers and other red tape.

Cuban officials say they are reducing partnerships with smaller foreign
companies to concentrate on big players in essential sectors, primarily
deals with firms from Canada, China, India, Brazil and Venezuela to
exploit Cuba's nickel and offshore petroleum.

But even as it makes progress in these sectors, Cuba is hobbled by its
inability to feed itself. With its farm system beset by inefficiency and
poor incentives, Cuba last year imported $1.6 billion in food.

To address this problem, in recent months Raul Castro has settled
long-standing debts between the state and Cuban farmers, raised prices
for milk and beef, increased farm worker pay and exhorted growers to
plant more.

But even as he pushes these reforms, he's still dealing with the fallout
from a 2005 decision to drastically cut back the island's once-vital
sugar industry because of low world prices. Dozens of mills were
shuttered and about 150,000 sugar workers were thrown out of work.

While the Cubans claim they have been retrained and that national
unemployment is less than 2 percent, outside economists think the
numbers are two to three times higher.

Meanwhile, Cuba is experiencing a "brain drain," with skilled
professionals leaving the island if they can, or giving up jobs as
engineers or physicians making $15 a month to work in tourism, where
they can earn far more.

The scramble by Cubans to work in tourism highlights yet another
problem, Cuba's dual-currency system. Most Cubans are paid in regular
pesos, while those who work in tourism have access to the convertible
pesos tourists are required to use. The convertible pesos are worth 25
times more than regular pesos, creating huge income disparities and
smoldering resentments among the populace.

"Raul knows the dual currency needs to be eliminated," said Paolo
Spadoni, an economist at Rollins College in Winter Park, Fla. "The
income inequality is a big problem."

Yet another headache is pilfering and black market activity.

While all Cubans get free food rations from the state each month, the
handouts typically only last a week to 10 days. It's not surprising that
many people steal from their workplace and sell the items on the black
market, a practice so common that state-run companies reportedly factor
15 percent into their budgets to cover the losses.

"It's a real drag on the Cuban economy," Spadoni said. "It comes back to
the crucial issue of incentives. They have to address this, but so far
all they've done is call for more discipline, which won't solve the
problem."

FOREIGN PARTNERS

Tourism is Cuba's top industry, earning some $2 billion last year for
the Communist island. Many foreign firms have partnered with the Cuban
state in the sector, typically deals in which these companies manage
hotels. Among the top foreign tourism companies active in Cuba:

> SPAIN: NH Hotels, Sol Melia Hotels

> FRANCE: Accor Hotels

> JAMAICA: Super Clubs

http://www.ajc.com/search/content/business/stories/2008/03/23/cubaecon0323.html

Turkey to send contractors to Cuba

Cicek: Turkey to send contractors to Cuba
The New Anatolian / Ankara
26 March 2008

Turkish State Minister & Deputy Prime Minister Cemil Cicek said Tuesday
Turkey may send a team of contractors to Cuba this year.

"Turkey attaches particular importance to Cuba as a part of its strategy
to open to Latin America and Caribbeans," Cicek told participants of the
Eighth Term Meeting of Turkish-Cuban Joint Economic Committee (JEC) in
capital Ankara.

Cicek welcomed the rise in trade volume between Turkey and Cuba to 34
billion USD in 2007, and said there are many cooperation opportunities
between the two countries.

"However, we have to speed up bureaucratic procedures and diversify
projects," he told.

On the other hand, Marta Lomas Morales, Cuban Minister for Foreign
Investments and Economic Cooperation, said 41 of 234 foreign companies
operated in industry and agriculture in Cuba last year.

Morales said 54 percent of those companies were of Spanish, Canadian and
Italian origin.

A loan of 10 million euros lent by Turkey to Cuba through Eximbank was
used in renovation of dams, and irrigation and electricity works,
Morales said.

Morales said there was no problem in repayment of the loan, and said she
believes there is political will in both countries to sign a contract
for another tranche of loan worth 15 million euros.

http://www.thenewanatolian.com/tna-31772.html

Corporación estatal cubana hace "prueba de mercado" en sector agropecuario

CUBA-REFORMAS
Corporación estatal cubana hace "prueba de mercado" en sector agropecuario
Hora: 17:20 Fuente : EFE

La Habana, 26 mar (EFECOM).- La Corporación Cimex, el principal
conglomerado empresarial estatal de Cuba, trata de satisfacer a la
demanda de productos en el sector agropecuario con una "prueba de
mercado" que lleva a cabo en cuatro provincias.

Fuentes de la compañía explicaron hoy a Efe que el programa comenzó en
noviembre pasado con la venta en pesos convertibles (CUC, 1 peso=1,08
dólares) de 23 utensilios y artículos para el campo, que podrían llegar
a 80, con el objetivo de extenderlo a otros territorios del país antes
de finalizar el año.

"El objetivo es ampliar nuestra oferta y posicionarnos en un segmento de
mercado que ha demostrado capacidad de compra y necesidad", indicó el
director de Tiendas de Cimex, Lluraldi Caba.

Aunque la experiencia no está dirigida a un perfil concreto de cliente,
Caba afirmó que el objetivo comercial de esta campaña está
"fundamentalmente en el segmento de mercado que se dedica a la actividad
agropecuaria", con artículos que "tienen una demanda" por parte de
compradores con capacidad adquisitiva en divisas.

Caba no ofreció estimaciones sobre el tamaño de la demanda en este
sector, ni datos sobre las ventas realizadas hasta el momento y rehusó
ofrecer información sobre la procedencia de los productos, debido, según
dijo, al riesgo para la actividad económica del país como consecuencia
del bloqueo comercial de EEUU.

Entre los artículos que se venden en establecimientos de Cimex en las
provincias de Holguín, Ciego de Avila, Villa Clara y La Habana figuran
machetes, limas, herraduras, clavos, hoces y azadas.

La directora de Relaciones Públicas de la empresa, Consuelo Mok, señaló
a Efe que esta empresa, con presencia en los 169 municipios del país, no
ha vendido tradicionalmente este tipo de productos, pero que "en la
medida en que se generan demandas" se aprueban estos planes.

"Hemos visto que hay un grupo de ausencias de productos que de algún
modo la gente reclama tener", indicó, al poner como ejemplo "carencias"
registradas con artículos como tornillos o clavos "porque no hay un
sistema de ferreterías bien surtido con todas esas cosas".

En ese sentido, el proyecto da respuesta, además, a la ausencia de
mecanismos convencionales de distribución fuera del aparato estatal que
hace llegar estos artículos directamente al campesino a través de las
diferentes fórmulas de organización productiva agrícola.

Precisó que la experiencia contempla la venta en tiendas ya existentes y
no en nuevos establecimientos.

Mok dijo que desconoce si existen programas similares en otros sectores
y si la experiencia tendrá réplica en pesos cubanos, moneda con 24 veces
menos valor que el CUC y en la que la inmensa mayoría de los cubanos
perciben su salario, cuyo promedio ronda los 400 pesos (17 dólares).

Con relación a la venta de computadoras y otros artículos electrónicos,
que será reanudada a partir del 1 de abril, en la primera medida
conocida tomada por el Gobierno de Raúl Castro tras su asunción, el
pasado 24 de febrero, Mok indicó que "todavía eso está en el proceso".

"Puede haber muchas expectativas, pero en relación con la venta de esos
productos, esos productos todavía hoy no es un hecho, porque comprar,
buscar los proveedores, buscar los mercados, buscar las vías, eso lleva
(tiempo)", dijo. EFECOM

jlp/jma

http://www.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.asp?subclasid=&clasid=&idNoticia=1924478

Cuba cuts red tape in prescription drug sales

Cuba cuts red tape in prescription drug sales
Tue Mar 25, 2008 4:57pm EDT
By Rosa Tania Valdes

HAVANA, March 25 (Reuters) - Cuba has lifted a rule that forced people
to pick up prescription drugs from a pharmacy assigned by the state,
adding to steps by President Raul Castro to cut excessive regulation in
the Communist country.

Public health sources said on Tuesday that Cubans can now buy
prescription drugs at any pharmacy.

Until now, they had to fill prescriptions at a single pharmacy attached
to hospitals or local clinics, a bureaucratic measure introduced during
a severe crisis in the 1990s when resources were scarce due to the
collapse of the Soviet Union.

"People used to have to go to our pharmacy and if there wasn't the right
medicine or it would take a while to make, they would have to come back
even if they lived far away," said Maribel, a Havana doctor. "Now they
can go wherever without getting new prescriptions or having to travel
long distances."

The restriction was unpopular and Raul Castro has set about eliminating
some of the "excessive regulations" governing all aspects of Cuban
society since he took office as president last month.

"There were lots of complaints. The authorities want people to be
happy," said a Havana pharmacy manager, who did not want to be named
because she was not authorized to speak to a reporter.

Raul Castro took over as president on Feb. 24, ending 49 years of rule
by his elder brother Fidel Castro, who has failed to fully recover from
intestinal surgery that sidelined him in July 2006.

"In the next few weeks, we shall start removing the most simple
excessive regulations and prohibitions," Raul Castro said in his first
speech as president.

Next week, computers, DVD players and other electronic equipment will go
on sale for the general public for the first time since the energy
crisis of the 1990s. Until now, only companies could purchase them.

Last week, the government began opening stores where farmers for the
first time can buy some supplies without waiting for the state to assign
them.

And local sources say Cubans may soon be allowed to buy cell phones and
stay in tourist hotels where they have been barred for decades. (Editing
by Kieran Murray)

http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSN25335117

Cuba facilita la venta de medicamentos

Cuba facilita la venta de medicamentos
Martes 25 de Marzo, 2008 7:27 GMT39

LA HABANA (Reuters) - Cuba suavizó las reglas para la venta de
medicamentos y permitió su compra en cualquier farmacia del país, en una
nueva señal de que el presidente Raúl Castro sigue eliminando
"prohibiciones" estatales, dijeron el martes fuentes del sector.

Hasta este mes lo cubanos tenían que comprar medicamentos recetados por
su médico en la farmacia de su barrio, una medida de control adoptada
durante la profunda crisis post-soviética de la década pasada para
distribuir mejor los escasos recursos.

"Había muchas quejas de la población. Cuando no teníamos el medicamento
había que desviar al paciente a otra farmacia, previo trámite, y la
gente perdía mucho tiempo", dijo la administradora de una farmacia en el
centro de La Habana.

"Ahora, nos dijeron que tenemos que atender a todos los pacientes. Lo
que quieren es que la gente no esté molesta", añadió.

Raúl Castro, que sucedió a su convaleciente hermano Fidel Castro el mes
pasado, se ha comprometido en eliminar el "exceso de prohibiciones" en
Cuba, donde el Estado domina la economía.

La proliferación de reglamentos ha generado un mercado negro, entre
otras ilegalidades reconocidas por el propio gobierno, incluso para los
medicamentos.

"Ahora, los que se hacían ricos revendiendo medicinas tendrán que buscar
otra vía porque nadie va a gastar dinero si el medicamento lo tiene a la
mano, esté dónde esté", dijo Regina, una jubilada de 75 años mientras
compraba un fármaco para tratarse una úlcera.

A pocas semanas de asumir la presidencia en febrero, Raúl Castro ha
comenzado a tomar pequeñas medidas para eliminar reglas absurdas y hacer
mas eficiente el socialismo cubano.

"En diciembre hablé del exceso de prohibiciones y regulaciones, y en las
próximas semanas comenzaremos a eliminar las más sencillas", dijo ante
el Parlamento que lo eligió el 24 de febrero.

En las últimas semanas se liberó la venta minorista de ordenadores,
reproductores de DVD y otros electrodomésticos hasta ahora prohibidos.

La semana pasada, Reuters informó de que el Gobierno liberará también el
acceso de los agricultores a insumos necesarios para elevar la
producción de alimentos.

Aunque las medidas no han sido anunciadas oficialmente, Granma, el
periódico del gobernante Partido Comunista, dijo que podría incluso
levantarse la prohibición de que los cubanos se alojen en hoteles
reservados hasta ahora para los extranjeros.

Muchos cubanos esperan, además, la revaluación del peso con el que el
Estado paga los salarios frente al peso convertible, 24 veces más
fuerte, en que se venden los productos importados.

/Por Rosa Tania Valdés/. *.

http://www.invertia.reuters.es/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2008-03-25T182659Z_01_CAR565835_RTRIDST_0_OESTP-CUBA-REFORMAS.XML

Cuba moves to decentralise state-run agriculture

Cuba moves to decentralise state-run agriculture
Published on Tuesday, March 25, 2008 Email To Friend Print Version

By Marc Frank

HAVANA, Cuba (Reuters): Communist Cuba has begun decentralising the
state-dominated agriculture sector in what appears to be the first major
move by new President Raul Castro to improve efficiency and cut bureaucracy.

At meetings across Cuba, farmers are being told decisions ranging from
land use to resource allocation and sales will no longer be taken at the
17-floor agriculture ministry in Havana but at the local level, farmers
who attended said.

In addition, local municipal offices will be streamlined and will take
more into account the activities of private farmers and cooperatives,
not just state farms, they said.

Cuba watchers say this will provide more leeway for private initiative
to raise food output, Raul Castro's top economic priority since he began
running the country on a temporary basis in mid-2006.

"This represents a major shift from a vertical to horizontal approach
and a change in bureaucratic mentality from a national to territorial
one," a local agriculture expert said on Monday, like others interviewed
asking not to be named.

"They are moving decision-making closer to the producers and recognizing
that the private sector with just a fraction of the land produces 70
percent of our produce," he said.

Cuba's revolutionary leader, Fidel Castro, 81, has not appeared in
public since undergoing abdominal surgery in July 2006. He has never
fully recovered and his brother Raul Castro, 76, formally took over as
president last month.

Few Cuba experts expect to see dramatic reforms under Raul Castro, but
the new president has begun making subtle changes to the economy that
may allow the state-run system to better meet the needs of the Cuban people.

In recent decisions, the government freed up the sale of once banned
consumer items like computers and DVD players, and it plans to allow
farmers to buy their own supplies, such as boots and fertilizer, rather
than depend on state purchases.

In a key speech last year in the central agricultural province of
Camaguey, Raul Castro called for "structural" changes in agriculture to
produce more food for a nation that relies on imports to feed its people.

"We face the imperative of making our land produce more, and the land is
there to be tilled," he said.

The speech, endorsed by his still influential brother Fidel Castro, was
used as the centerpiece for a national debate in factories,
neighborhoods and among farmers about Cuba's economic and social problems .

The head of an agricultural cooperative in Camaguey said that under the
new structure, he would only have to go to one office to resolve
problems, instead of many, and officials would no longer be able to
shrug their shoulders and say the solution could not be decided locally.

"The local office did little more than send our problems up the line
because it had no resources or power to solve practically anything," he
said in a telephone interview.

"What's happening is what the farmers themselves proposed in the
meetings, and we feel they have listened and are responding," he said.

Cuba has around 250,000 family farms and 1,100 private cooperatives,
which represent an island of individual ownership in an economy 90
percent controlled by the state. But together they till less than one
third of the land.

In exchange for supplies from the state, private farmers must grow
certain crops or raise certain livestock, a portion of which they must
sell to the government at fixed prices.

The remainder of the land is owned by the state. Half of it lies fallow.

Last year, the state doubled and in some cases tripled what it pays for
cattle, milk and other farm products. Individual farmers and
cooperatives are also being offered more land and the government may
open up agriculture to foreign investment.

"Decentralizing decision-making in agriculture is a clear signal that
Raul Castro wants to make the Cuban economy more dynamic and responsive
to the Cuban people's needs," said David Jessop, director of the
Caribbean Council, a development organization based in London.

"It recognizes the need for a revolution in agriculture. By embracing
Cuba's private farmers, the Cuban leadership is accepting the
possibility and value of alternative models of production within the
socialist system," he said.

http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-6791--5-5--.html

Cuba y Panamá multiplican comercio hasta 500 mlns dlrs

Cuba y Panamá multiplican comercio hasta 500 mlns dlrs
martes 25 de marzo de 2008 11:38 GYT

LA HABANA (Reuters) - El comercio entre Cuba y Panamá se multiplicó
durante el último año por 10 hasta 500 millones de dólares, una señal de
que ambos países superaron la ruptura diplomática del 2004 y
recompusieron sus relaciones, dijo el nuevo embajador panameño en la
isla, Luis Gómez.

Cuba y Panamá rompieron relaciones diplomáticas a mediados del 2004,
después que la ex presidenta Mireya Moscoso indultara a un grupo de
exiliados cubanos acusados de tramar un asesinato contra el ex
mandatario Fidel Castro.

"Nunca se paralizó el comercio con Cuba. Ahora es de unos 500 millones
de dólares (anuales)," dijo Gómez a periodistas el lunes en la noche.

Según cifras oficiales cubanas, en marzo del año pasado el comercio
bilateral era de apenas 50 millones de dólares.

El actual presidente panameño Martín Torrijos restableció las relaciones
con Cuba al asumir en septiembre del 2004 y desde entonces ha visitado
en cuatro ocasiones La Habana.

"Estamos aquí, a pesar de que mucha gente quisiera que no estuviéramos
(...) Las relaciones con Cuba están en el mejor momento," dijo el embajador.

Cuba compra a Panamá equipos tecnológicos y materias primas, mientras
que exporta a la nación centroamericana cemento, acero, tabaco, ron,
productos farmacéuticos y biotecnológicos.

La isla tiene con Panamá una deuda de unos 425 millones de dólares, que
será saldada entre un 45 y 50 por ciento en los próximos tres años, dijo
Gómez, quien fue el negociador de la deuda antes de ser nombrado
embajador en La Habana en febrero.

Panamá ha contratado 136 entrenadores deportivos cubanos, mientras que
unos 1.000 jóvenes panameños estudian medicina gratuitamente en Cuba.

El nuevo embajador dijo que más de 15.000 panameños fueron operados de
la vista en los últimos años con ayuda cubana como parte del proyecto
"Operación Milagro."

"La mayor inversión que hay en Cuba ahora es el ser humano. Ellos sacan
más con la exportación de su talento de médicos y deportistas que con la
caña y el turismo," dijo Gómez.

(Reporte de Rosa Tania Valdés; Editado por Esteban Israel)


http://lta.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idLTAN2538478120080325?sp=true

Pronto adiós a la libreta

Sociedad
Pronto adiós a la libreta

Hace 46 años cada familia cubana recibió una cartilla de racionamiento.
Una de las promesas del gobierno de Raúl Castro es su abolición.

Federico Fornés, La Habana

martes 25 de marzo de 2008 6:00:00

Cuando no vocea su mercancía, botellas de salfumán y cloro, entonces
susurra Perdóname conciencia.

La vieja canción, un clásico que sobrevive a todas las modas, acompaña
la soledad de esta mujer que estaría entre las millones de personas cuya
vida sería peor si una de las promesas del gobierno de Raúl Castro llega
a cumplirse: abolir la libreta de racionamiento.

"Está loco si la quita… ¿Qué nos va a dar para vivir?, ¿un campamento
militar?", se queja esta ex asistente social de 66 años que percibe una
jubilación de poco más de 200 pesos, unos 8 CUC.

"Con ese retirito me muero de hambre, pero puedo sacar los mandados",
argumenta ponderando la existencia de la libreta de abastecimiento, uno
de los documentos emblemáticos de la revolución surgido en marzo de 1962.

La medida aspiraba controlar la inflación fijando precios baratos luego
del embargo total decretado ese mismo año por Estados Unidos.

Washington apostó a la asfixia de la dependiente economía de la Isla
rebelde y provocó una escasez sin precedentes de bienes y servicios. La
Habana devolvió el golpe aceptando arsenal nuclear soviético y
estableciendo una cartilla que garantizaba un mínimo de la canasta básica.

De paso, el esquema distributivo auxiliaba a la ideología de un
socialismo igualitario, muy caro entonces a Fidel Castro y al Che
Guevara, que, sin embargo, no pudo evitar el torpedeo del mercado negro
que redistribuyó lo ya distribuido según los bolsillos del mejor postor.

"Daban carne y mantequilla y leche", recuerda exaltado un barbero de 54
años, que "tira cualquier pelao por una monja" (cinco pesos) en un
portal de Belascoaín, una de las arterias barrocamente más sucias de La
Habana del centro.

Un cliente de patillas canosas contraataca: "Tú lo que eres un
nostálgico del comunismo", dice con sorna. Masca un mocho de tabaco y
escupe hacia la calle. Una imagen de Santa Bárbara cuelga junto al espejo.

Drama y contradicciones

Muchos están preocupados. En el discurso de toma de posesión como nuevo
presidente del país, en febrero pasado, Raúl Castro retomó una de las
más controvertidas intenciones del Estado, que no hace otra cosa que
demostrar que algunas de sus políticas sociales están tocando fondo.

El general de cuatro estrellas lanzó la advertencia de que serían
revisados "las gratuidades y los millonarios subsidios que actualmente
suponen numerosos servicios y productos distribuidos de una forma
igualitaria, como los de la libreta de abastecimiento, que en las
actuales condiciones de nuestra economía resultan irracionales e
insostenibles".

Otra vez una pretendida racionalidad del sistema se aleja de sus no
menos pretendidos ideales, colocando las contradicciones en boca del
propio liderazgo.

La idea no es de Raúl Castro, sólo que él la está acercando a lo
inevitable. En el 2005, en uno de sus más prolongados discursos —superó
las siete horas— el ex presidente Fidel Castro expuso la perspectiva.

"La libreta de abastecimiento desaparecerá, los trabajadores y los
jubilados tendrán mayores ingresos y podrán comprar más productos,
porque no se trata de repartir dinero sin una contrapartida en
mercancías", adelantó entonces en el Aula Magna de la Universidad de La
Habana.

Un año después, el presidente del Banco Central, Francisco Soberón,
reactualizó el tema. "Esto resulta catastrófico para la economía del
país y éticamente inaceptable".

El financiero aludía a la coartada moral de las autoridades: todos los
ciudadanos reciben los beneficios de los alimentos subsidiados, pero no
todos deben gozar de ese derecho al obtener ingresos no provenientes de
su trabajo, como las remesas o negocios ilícitos.

Aunque la libreta de abastecimiento —en su variante de ropa, calzado y
otros bienes manufacturados desapareció al primer manotazo de la crisis
en los años noventa— sólo cubre las necesidades elementales individuales
entre siete y diez días, continúa siendo un respiro para los sectores de
bajos ingresos y una ventaja nada despreciable para los que reciben
salarios oficiales medios y altos.

En ese último rango estaría la mayoría de los profesionales, como los
médicos, ingenieros e intelectuales, cuyas mensualidades los obligan
muchas veces a buscar desesperadamente opciones extradisciplinarias.

Algunos son vendedores de dulces y de flores, otros, como JFD, se
dedican a la tapicería. Ya fue obligado a pagar una multa por ocuparse
del oficio sin licencia. Su condición de médico le impide acceder a la
reglamentación oficial del llamado trabajo por cuenta propia.

"Si tengo que comprar toda la comida de la familia a precios de mercado,
no sé qué más podría hacer. Mago no soy", comenta mientras enfunda un
confortable camero junto a su par de faena, un oficial retirado del
ejército con quien hizo migas en la guerra de Etiopía.

La cuota administrada por el Estado, que se compra en las bodegas,
incluye per capita unos tres kilos y medio de arroz, cerca de medio kilo
de frijoles, un cuarto litro de aceite, 115 gramos de café, cuatro
paquetes de cigarrillos para quienes nacieron antes de 1955, cerillas,
chocolate, dos kilos y medio de azúcar, sal, diez huevos, medio kilo de
pollo y 250 gramos de picadillo de carne de res mezclada con soya molida.

Los menores de siete años reciben subsidiado un litro de leche diario,
que cuesta 50 centavos de un peso (0,025 dólares).

Sin una regularidad mensual, también se distribuyen patatas, dentífrico,
algunas pastas y jabones y detergente líquido de calidad dudosa.

Por el conjunto de esas mercancías, los cubanos pagan 26,15 pesos, poco
más de un CUC por persona al mes —el 6,6 por ciento del salario
promedio—, un precio que se incrementa casi sesenta veces por igual
cantidad de bienes en los mercados de divisas, para los cuales no hay
alternativas.

El drama comienza entre siete y diez días después de "coger los mandados
de la bodega". Entonces "hay que tirarse contra las shopin o tallar con
Roberto, o morir con los bandidos de Río Frío.

Pese a los subsidios, algunos productos racionados, como el café, los
huevos y los cigarrillos han experimentado espectaculares subidas de
precio, justificadas por la mayor cantidad y calidad entregada y las
adversas coyunturas internacionales.

Así, un octavo de kilogramo de café, que antes costaba treinta centavos,
ahora subió a cinco pesos, que equivalen al 1,4 por ciento del salario
promedio, mientras que adquirir los diez huevos per cápita exige
desembolsar 5,33 pesos cuando antes era dos pesos.

¿Cuál estrategia seguirá el gobierno?

En su artículo ¿Es viable terminar con medio siglo de racionamiento en
Cuba?, el economista cubano Carmelo Mesa-Lago, residente en Miami,
despliega cinco hipótesis de estrategias, todas con desenlaces
indeseables o cuyos costos políticos y económicos serían demasiados
elevados para ser permitidos.

La más plausible de las cinco podría ser una sexta, derivada de todas,
en la que el gobierno dispondría de subsidios para las personas
vulnerables y las familias pobres —de acuerdo con estudios, estas
últimas abarcan más de la quinta parte de la población de 11 millones
200.000 habitantes—, tratando de no desequilibrar aún más la masa
financiera en circulación y conteniendo las presiones inflacionarias que
hasta el presente han descarnado los bolsillos más ahorrativos.

De acuerdo con datos oficiales, más de mil millones de dólares son
sacados del presupuesto anual para adquirir alimentos en el exterior, un
fardo que la nueva administración dice querer modificar mediante un
fuerte impulso en la agricultura y las nuevas relaciones de producción.

La meta se presenta difícil. El semanario económico Opciones reportó que
los matorrales se han transformado en una plaga que cubre la tercera
parte de las 3,6 millones de hectáreas de tierras cultivables, casi el
noventa por ciento en manos del Estado, el mismo que en 1959 destronó a
los latifundistas para al cabo del tiempo convertirse en el que más.

http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/encuentro-en-la-red/cuba/articulos/pronto-adios-a-la-libreta/(gnews)/1206421200

Minnesota ag leaders head to Cuba

Minnesota ag leaders head to Cuba
By Scott Wente , State Capitol Bureau
Published Wednesday, March 26, 2008
ST. PAUL — Minnesota companies already export agricultural goods,
including livestock, to Cuba but a state delegation is headed there to
plant seeds for increased trade.

Officials leaving Saturday on a five-day trip to Havana said Minnesota
is positioning itself to meet the island country's growing food and
agriculture needs.

Minnesota exported more than $18 million of agricultural products to
Cuba in 2007. That included corn, soybeans, wheat, beans, dairy cattle
and a distilled grain product from corn-based ethanol that is used as
livestock feed.

"That's not insignificant," said Agriculture Commissioner Gene Hugoson,
who is leading the delegation. "But the bigger issue is what's going to
happen down the road when U.S.-Cuban relations finally get to the point
of being normal."

U.S. trade sanctions limit sales to agricultural and medical products,
Hugoson said, but Minnesota can expand its trade exports to Cuba.

The trip comes less than a year after Hugoson and others visited Cuba on
a similar trade mission. That trip certainly did not gain the attention
that then-Gov. Jesse Ventura received when he led the first Minnesota
trade delegation to Cuba in 2002.

Ventura made headlines for his private meeting with former dictator
Fidel Castro, but members of the upcoming mission also credited Ventura
with helping to instigate a trade dialogue.

Hugoson will be joined by state officials, representatives from private
companies such as Cargill and two legislators, Reps. Doug Magnus,
R-Slayton, and Al Juhnke, DFL-Willmar. The trade mission includes farm
tours and a meeting with the top official at Alimport, the agency that
decides Cuba's food imports.

Two areas of export growth

Minnesota leaders see two possible areas of export growth: Cuba's
domestic demand for food and agriculture products and its burgeoning
tourism industry.

Minnesota's $18.3 million in exports to Cuba was only a fraction of the

$431 million in American products sold last year to the country about 90
miles from Florida.

Not the final trip

Just as U.S. exports to Cuba are expected to increase, this likely will
not be the final Minnesota trade trip to Cuba.

"I would expect we'll be there at least once a year, and quite frankly,
we need to be there," Hugoson said. "That's just kind of the way this
works."

Minnesota's location gives it both trade advantages and disadvantages.
Commodities can be shipped on the Mississippi River, but Minnesota
cannot compete with the prices of some goods exported by Southern
states, such as poultry produced in Georgia.

Juhnke leads a House agriculture finance committee. He said Minnesota
meat and poultry companies such as Jennie-O, located in his hometown,
and Hormel will benefit from continued trade with Cuba.

Wente reports for Forum Communications Co.

http://www.grandforksherald.com/articles/index.cfm?id=71672&section=News