August 18, 2011 |Print This Post Print This Post
Fernando Ravsberg
HAVANA TIMES, August 18 — "Baro has disappeared," repeat Cubans,
implying that not as much money is circulating as before. They note
that you can no longer sell anything at any price because people
deliberate much more before making purchases.
It's true that less cash is changing hands in the streets, and perhaps
one of the principal causes is a certain contraction of the black
market, the income source of most of the fortunes that have existed in
socialist Cuba.
You don't even have to leave your house to verify this. There has been
a marked decrease in the number of vendors who come by knocking on my
door daily hawking cheese, ham, powdered milk or canned tuna – all
stolen from government warehouses.
It's also true that their ranks have been augmented by others selling
avocados, blackberry pies or homemade brooms. Still, the activity of
these self-employed individuals doesn't come close to the whopping sums
that circulate on the black market.
It's not that "bisne" (business) has disappeared; rather, it has
decreased. If previously one could immediately get any quantity of
house paint, now it's necessary to request it ahead of time and settle
for whatever color surfaces.
The reason seems simple. Investigations now point upwards to the top of
the chain of theft – to corrupt managers and administrators. This has a
preventive effect, because convictions are made public, creating fear
among potential criminals.
For too long a time the police devoted their energies to going after
workers who pocketed a handful of cigars at the factory, but now they're
directing their efforts toward managers who steal entire cargo
containers to sell outside of the country.
It's true that there remain workers who "resuelve" (do what's necessary
to resolve) their essential problems in order to survive, but their
crimes have much less of an economic impact. Moreover, many people
believe that such actions are morally justified in a situation where
wages are insufficient to meet the cost of living.
More ways to spend their money
Another of the factors that could be influencing the lack of money in
circulation is the access of Cubans to a greater range of goods and
services. For years they could buy few consumer goods, spending their
earnings on food, clothes, beer and cabarets.
Things have started to change. They can now enlarge their house, check
into formerly foreigner-only hotels, buy cellphones and purchase home
appliances. In addition, it was announced officially that soon they
will be able to buy houses, automobiles and go on vacations…abroad!
For decades the government concerned itself with the excess money in
circulation. The ministries came up with thousands of formulas for
absorbing this surplus, such as increasing the price of rum and
cigarettes, but the amount of money involved was such that those
measures were barely drops in the ocean.
As if this weren't enough, independent work is now being promoted
whereby many citizens have invested part of their savings or have gotten
their families to chip in to help start their own businesses – the
numbers of which have tripled in less than one year.
Competition and previously existing businesses
On 5th Street in the Havana neighborhood of Casino Deportivo, three
restaurants opened recently on the same block. However the result of
such growth in purchasing alternatives has reduced the profits of those
who had businesses there prior to the recent economic opening.
I have a friend who plans to emigrate because the monthly revenue from
his cafe decreased from $2,500 to $1,000 (USD). He has employees but
his wife explained, "The way things are going, we're going to have to
start working."
They serve cartoons of food, pork or chicken; along with rice, a root
vegetable and salad. The customers are workers from the area who had
constituted a "captive clientele" until dozens of other diners opened up
in the neighborhood.
For decades self-employed work and consumption were restricted, as the
nation's leaders feared the birth of a new class. The new situation now
demonstrates that is was those very same restrictions that facilitated
the enrichment of a few.
Ultimately a new class emerged, but this occurred before the reforms.
Curiously, it was made up of government managers, those who carry their
Communist Party membership cards and their credit cards in the same
pocket when they travel abroad.
An authorized translation by Havana Times (from the Spanish original)
published by BBC Mundo.
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario